The vaginal administration of drugs has long been a common practice, primarily for the treatment of genitourinary conditions or for contraceptive purposes. Nonetheless, research on the absorption of medications through the vaginal wall was almost nonexistent until the early 20th century, when authors such as Macht 1 and Robinson 2 published pioneering work on the vagina as a route for systemic drug absorption. Researchers in subsequent decades conducted studies on safe and effective vaginal drug delivery for systemic absorption.
Intravaginal administration is a route of administration where the substance is applied inside the vagina. Pharmacologicallyit has the potential advantage to result in effects primarily in the vagina or nearby structures such as the vaginal portion of cervix with limited systemic adverse effects compared to other routes of administration. Formulation methods include vaginal tabletsvaginal creamvaginal suppository and vaginal ring.
Author s : Mazen M. El-HammadiJose L. DOI :
Drugs administered PR have a faster action than via the oral route and a higher bio-availability — that is, the amount of effective drug that is available is greater as it has not been influenced by upper gastrointestinal tract digestive processes. Rectal absorption results in more of the drug reaching the systemic circulation with less alteration on route. As well as being a more effective route for delivering medication, rectal administration also reduces side-effects of some drugs, such as gastric irritation, nausea and vomiting Lowry,para 2.
Vaginal preparations are products, which are applied or inserted in the vagina to treat vaginal conditions. They may contain antibacterial or antifungal agents to treat infection, or they have agents such as hormones that relieve menopausal symptoms. Vaginal preparations are available as creams, pessaries tabletgels or rings.
Women account for more than half of the world population and can suffer from several female-specific conditions. These, although not life-threatening, can result in a major decrease in quality of life and have a serious impact on socio-economic factors. Several companies are developing novel therapies to assist in the management of these conditions; it represents a significant market opportunity as well as improving the quality of life of those affected.
OBJECTIVE: To review the anatomy and physiology of the vagina, the merits of vaginal drug administration, and the currently available vaginal drug-administration systems. RESULT S : Although clinicians commonly use topically administered drugs in the vagina, this route for systemic drug administration is somewhat novel. Experience with a variety of products demonstrates that the vagina is a highly effective site for drug delivery, particularly in women's health.
The present application claims priority to U. Application Ser. Vaginal drag delivery is a potential route for therapy via topical action or systemic absorption as well as uterine targeting of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
AU Auricular Otic ; administration to or by way of the ear. BUC Buccal; referring to the inside lining of the cheeks and is part of the lining mucosa. EPI Epidural; administration upon or over the dura mater.
There are numerous methods of drug administration used by healthcare providers today. Buggio and colleagues suggest the vagina as another avenue for delivery. The authors of this publication are mainly concerned with the delivery of vaginal hormonal drugs for women who have endometriosis. The study itself consisted of a search through PubMed and MEDLINE for previously published studies in English that have to do with hormonal compounds administered vaginally to treat endometriosis.
TOP XXXX STAR EVER XXXXXXXXXX
nice woman bad actuation lol, breasts of older women
kelly divine fat